Install SSL Certificates into Java JRE

MallikLeave a comment

Some times it would require to install the SSL certificates into our JRE. Below are the steps that need to perform to get the certificates added into the JRE security folder.

1. Navigate to JDK\jre\bin and copy the “keytool.exe” and “jli.dll” files to the JDK\jre\lib\security directory.

2. Copy the your XXX.cer files to the JDK\jre7\lib\security directory

3. Open command prompt and navigate to the JDK\jre\lib\security directory

4. Run the following command to verify the tool is working: “keytool -list -keystore cacerts”

a. Default password to access the keystore is: changeit

5. Run the following commands to import the certificates

     keytool -keystore cacerts -importcert -alias YYY -file XXX.cer

6. If the certificate already exists then there is no need to re-import it.

 

Other Useful Links:

Javac/Java searching algorithm for other classes

Struts Internationalization Example

How to find count of duplicates in a List

How to Create a Thread Using Runnable Interface

Javac/Java searching algorithm for other classes

Mallik4 Comments

With this post, I would like to explain how exactly the Java/Java will search for its dependencies in the project or application level. Java Applications can be run using the command line or in the Web/Application servers. For both the scenarios will be covered as below:

When you are accessing standalone application using command prompt, below will be the search criteria steps:

Step 1: The first place that look in the directories that contains the classes that come with Java SE.

Step 2: The classpath that declared as command line options for either Java/Javac. Since the classpath declared in command line options override the classpath declared in command line options persists only for the length of the invocation.

Step 3: Looks for the the default classpath that declared as System Environment Variables.

When you are accessing the application from Web or application servers, below will be the search criteria steps:

Step 1: The first place that look in the directories that contains the classes that come with Java SE.

Step 2: If the dependencies not able to identify in the JRE lib folder, then it will be looked into the Application lib folder.

Step 3: If the dependencies not able to fine in above two steps, then it will be looked into Web/App server lib folder.

 

Other Useful Links:

Differences between Object and Instance
Difference between Abstract Class and Interface:
Threads Interview questions in Java
Access Specifiers in Java
Avoid nested loops using Collection Framework in Java

Example Program – Armstrong Number

MallikLeave a comment

Below sample programs finds whether the given number is an Armstrong Number or not.

An Armstrong number of three digits is an integer such that the sum of the cubes of its digits is equal to the number itself. For example, 371 is an Armstrong number since 3**3 + 7**3 + 1**3 = 371. Few more Examples for the Armstrong numbers are : 153, 371, 9474, 54748.

 

package in.javatutorials;

/**
* @author malliktalksjava.in
*
*/
public class ArmstrongNumber {

/**
* @param inputNumber
* @return boolean true/false will be return
*/
public static boolean isArmstrong(int inputNumber) {
String inputAsString = inputNumber + “”;
int numberOfDigits = inputAsString.length();
int copyOfInput = inputNumber;
int sum = 0;
while (copyOfInput != 0) {
int lastDigit = copyOfInput % 10;
sum = sum + (int) Math.pow(lastDigit, numberOfDigits);
copyOfInput = copyOfInput / 10;
}
if (sum == inputNumber) {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}

/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
int inputNumber = 153;
System.out.print(“Enter a number: “);
boolean result = isArmstrong(inputNumber);
if (result) {
System.out.println(inputNumber + ” is an armstrong number”);
} else {
System.out.println(inputNumber + ” is not an armstrong number”);
}
}
}

 

Example program to reverse a Number in Java

Mallik2 Comments

 

package in.javatutorials;

public class ReverseNumber {

public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(“The reversed number is ” + reverse(1234));
}

public static int reverse(int input) {
int result = 0;
int rem;
while (input > 0) {
rem = input % 10;
input = input / 10;
result = result * 10 + rem;
}
return result;
}
}

 

Struts Internationalization Example

Mallik1 Comment

web.xml :

<?xml version=”1.0″ encoding=”Shift_JIS”?>

<!DOCTYPE web-app
PUBLIC “-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN”
“http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd”&gt;

<web-app>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>config</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>2</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>detail</param-name>
<param-value>2</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>login.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>

<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/tags/struts-bean</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>

<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/tags/struts-html</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>

<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/tags/struts-logic</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>

<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/tags/struts-nested</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-nested.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>

<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/tags/struts-tiles</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-tiles.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>

</web-app>

struts-config.xml:

<?xml version=”1.0″ encoding=”UTF-8″?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC “-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN” “http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd”&gt;
<struts-config>
<data-sources>
</data-sources>
<form-beans>
<form-bean name=”loginform” type=”org.apache.struts.validator.DynaValidatorForm”>
<form-property name=”username” type=”java.lang.String”></form-property>
<form-property name=”password” type=”java.lang.String”></form-property>
</form-bean>
</form-beans>
<global-exceptions>
</global-exceptions>
<global-forwards>
</global-forwards>
<action-mappings>
<action path=”/login” type=”in.javatutorials.actions.LoginAction” name=”loginform” validate=”true” input=”/login.jsp”>
<forward name=”success” path=”/welcome.jsp”></forward>
<forward name=”failure” path=”/login.jsp”></forward>
</action>
</action-mappings>
<controller locale=”true” processorClass=”org.apache.struts.tiles.TilesRequestProcessor”/>
<message-resources parameter=”ApplicationResources”/>
<plug-in className=”org.apache.struts.tiles.TilesPlugin”>
<set-property property=”definitions-config” value=”/WEB-INF/tiles-defs.xml”/>
<set-property property=”moduleAware” value=”true”/>
</plug-in>
<plug-in className=”org.apache.struts.validator.ValidatorPlugIn”>
<set-property property=”pathnames” value=”/WEB-INF/validator-rules.xml,/WEB-INF/validation.xml”/>
</plug-in>
</struts-config>

login.jsp :

<%@ taglib uri=”/tags/struts-bean” prefix=”bean” %>
<%@ taglib uri=”/tags/struts-logic” prefix=”logic” %>
<%@ taglib uri=”/tags/struts-html” prefix=”html” %>
<%@ taglib uri=”/tags/struts-nested” prefix=”nested” %>

<html:html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv=”Content-Type” content=”text/html; charset=Cp1252″/>
<title></title>
</head>
<body bgcolor=”yellow”>
<center>
<html:errors/>
<bean:message key=”welcome.message”/>
<html:form method=”POST” action=”login”>
<bean:message key=”username”/><html:text property=”username”></html:text><br><br>
<bean:message key=”password”/><html:text property=”password”></html:text><br><br>
<html:submit><bean:message key=”register.submit”/></html:submit>
</html:form>
</center>
</body>
</html:html>

LoginAction.java:

 package in.javatutorials.actions;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts.validator.DynaValidatorForm;

/**
* LoginAction Class
*/

public class LoginAction extends Action {
/**
* Action class execute method
*/

public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping actionMapping,ActionForm actionForm,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception{

String responseKey=”failure”;
DynaValidatorForm dynaValidatorForm=(DynaValidatorForm) actionForm;
String user=(String)dynaValidatorForm.get(“username”);
String pwd=(String)dynaValidatorForm.get(“password”);

if(user.equals(pwd))
responseKey=”success”;
return actionMapping.findForward(responseKey);

}
}

welcome.jsp :

<%@ page contentType=”text/html; charset=Cp1252″ %>
<%@ taglib uri=”/tags/struts-bean” prefix=”bean” %>
<%@ taglib uri=”/tags/struts-logic” prefix=”logic” %>
<%@ taglib uri=”/tags/struts-html” prefix=”html” %>
<%@ taglib uri=”/tags/struts-nested” prefix=”nested” %>

<html:html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv=”Content-Type” content=”text/html; charset=Cp1252″/>
<title></title>
</head>
<body bgcolor=”green”>
<h1><bean:message key=”welcome”/></h1>
</body>
</html:html>

ApplicationResources_it.properties :

welcome.message=Dare if benevenuato all aperatoreitaliano(in english:welcome to italian user)
welcome=<b>Dare if benevenuato all aperatoreitaliano</b>
username=<b>nome de operatore</b>
password=<b>parola de ordine</b>
register.submit=registero
errors.required=<li><i>if compo di{0}non puo essere vuoto</i></li>
errors.minlength=<li><i>la {0}non puo essere vuoto {2} carreteri.</i></li>

ApplicationResources_en.properties :

welcome.message = welcome to english user
welcome=<b>Hello english user welcome to our website</b>
username=<b>username</b>
password=<b>password</b>
register.submit=register
errors.required=<li><i>{0}field cannot be empty.</i></li>
errors.minlength=<li><i>{0}cannot be lessthan {2} charecters.</i></li>

How to find count of duplicates in a List

Mallik7 Comments

There are many different ways to find out the duplicates in a List or count of duplicates in a List object. Three best ways have been implemented in the below sample class. I suggest to go with 2nd sample, when there is a requirement in your project.

package in.javatutorials;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

public class CountOfDuplicatesInList {

public static void main(String[] args) {

List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
list.add(“a”);
list.add(“b”);
list.add(“c”);
list.add(“d”);
list.add(“b”);
list.add(“c”);
list.add(“a”);
list.add(“a”);
list.add(“a”);

// Find out the count of duplicates by passing a String – static way
System.out.println(“\n Output 1 – Count ‘a’ with frequency”);
System.out.println(“a : ” + Collections.frequency(list, “a”));

// Find out the count of duplicates using Unique values – dynamic way
System.out.println(“\n Output 2 – Count all with frequency”);
Set<String> uniqueSet = new HashSet<String>(list);
for (String temp : uniqueSet) {
System.out.println(temp + “: ” + Collections.frequency(list, temp));
}

// Find out the count of duplicates using Map – Lengthy process
System.out.println(“\n Output 3 – Count all with Map”);
Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<String, Integer>();

for (String temp : list) {
Integer count = map.get(temp);
map.put(temp, (count == null) ? 1 : count + 1);
}
for (Map.Entry<String, Integer> entry : map.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(“Key : ” + entry.getKey() + ” Value : ”
+ entry.getValue());
}
}
}

 

Other Useful Links:

Avoid nested loops using Collection Framework in Java

Replace special characters in a String using java

Singleton Design pattern in JAVA

Convert Array to Vector in Java

How to Copy an Array into Another Array in Java

Tips to follow while doing java code

How to Create a Thread Using Runnable Interface

Mallik1 Comment

In Java, a Thread can be created by extending to a Thread class or by implementing the Runnable Interface. In below example, I have tried to create the thread by implementing Runnable interface.

package in.javatutorials;

public class CreateThredByRunnable {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread myThreadA = new Thread(new MyThread(), “threadA”);
Thread myThreadB = new Thread(new MyThread(), “threadB”);
// run the two threads
myThreadA.start();
myThreadB.start();

try {
Thread.currentThread().sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
// Display info about the main thread
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread());
}

}

class MyThread implements Runnable {
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread());
}
}
}

 

Other Useful Links

Threads Interview questions in Java

Multi-Threading Interview questions

Mallik3 Comments

Thread concept is the most important topic for all the interviews. This post contains most important interview questions on Thread concepts. The answers for these questions will be covered in further posts.

  1. What is a thread ? What are the ways we have in Java to create a thread ?
  2. Write a program to create a thread using Thread class or Runnable interface.
  3. Which is the default thread that runs in every java program internally ?
  4. What is the difference between extends Thread or implements Runnable ? Which one is more useful.
  5. What is thread deadlock? Describe it.
  6. Which methods are used in thread communication.
  7. How can you set priorities to a thread ? And, what is the default priority number of a thread ?
  8. What is a Thread Scheduler ?
  9. What is a Daemon Thread ?
  10. What id thread life cycle ? Explain.
  11. How can you improve communication between two threads?
  12. What is ThreadGroup ? What are the benefits of ThreadGroup ?
  13. What is the difference between Process and Thread ?
  14. What is the difference between notify() and notifyAll() methods ?
  15. Explain some of the methods in Thread class.

Access Specifiers in Java

MallikLeave a comment

An access specifier is a keyword that specifies how to access or read the members of a class or the class itself.

There are four access specifiers in Java as mentioned below:

  1. private
  2. public
  3. protected
  4. default

1. Private : Private members of a class are not accessible in other class either in the same package or in another package. The scope of private specifier is class scope.

2. Public : Public members of a class are accessible any where in the same package or another package. The scope of public specifier is Global.

3.Protected : Protected members are available in the same package. They are not available in the class of another package. You can access the protected members in sub class of same package or another package.

4. Default : Default members are available in the class of same package but they are not available in another package. The scope of default specifier is Package level.

Other Useful Links:

Avoid nested loops using Collection Framework in Java

Replace special characters in a String using java

Singleton Design pattern in JAVA

Convert Array to Vector in Java

Marker or Tag Interface in Java

equals() and hashCode() methods of Object Class

Difference between Iterator and ListIterator

Inner classes in Java

Difference between Abstract Class and Interface:

List of View Resolvers in Spring MVC

Mallik1 Comment

In Spring MVC, view resolvers enable you to render models in a browser without tying you to a specific view technology like JSP, Velocity, XML…etc.

There are two interfaces that are important to the way Spring handles views are ViewResolver and View. The ViewResolver provides a mapping between view names and actual views. The View interface addresses the preparation of the request and hands the request over to one of the view technologies.

Below are the important view resolvers provided by spring framework:

  1. AbstractCachingViewResolver : Abstract view resolver that caches views. Often views need preparation before they can be used; extending this view resolver provides caching.
  2. XmlViewResolver : Implementation of ViewResolver that accepts a configuration file written in XML with the same DTD as Spring’s XML bean factories. The default configuration file is /WEB-INF/views.xml.
  3. ResourceBundleViewResolver : Implementation of ViewResolver that uses bean definitions in a ResourceBundle, specified by the bundle base name. Typically you define the bundle in a properties file, located in the classpath. The default file name is views.properties.
  4. UrlBasedViewResolver : Simple implementation of the ViewResolver interface that effects the direct resolution of logical view names to URLs, without an explicit mapping definition. This is appropriate if your logical names match the names of your view resources in a straightforward manner, without the need for arbitrary mappings.
  5. InternalResourceViewResolver :  Convenient subclass of UrlBasedViewResolver that supports InternalResourceView (in effect, Servlets and JSPs) and subclasses such as JstlView and TilesView. You can specify the view class for all views generated by this resolver by using setViewClass(..).
  6. VelocityViewResolver/FreeMarkerViewResolver : Convenient subclass of UrlBasedViewResolver that supports VelocityView (in effect, Velocity templates) or FreeMarkerView ,respectively, and custom subclasses of them.
  7. ContentNegotiatingViewResolver : Implementation of the ViewResolver interface that resolves a view based on the request file name or Accept header.

Other Useful Links:

Basic Spring MVC Application

Spring MVC with Tiles framework sample application