How to Inject Null or Blank values to a Spring Bean


To inject an NULL value which is equivalent to bean.setMessage(null):

<bean id=”beanId” class=”bean”>
<property name=”message”><null/></property>
</bean>

To inject an empty Stringe which is equivalent to bean.setMessage(“”)

<bean id=”beanId” class=”bean”>
<property name=”message” value=””></property>
</bean>

 

Different Types of Spring Containers


There are two distinct types of spring containers as mentioned below:

1. BeanFactory Container:

  • This is the simplest container providing basic support for Dependency Injection and defined by the org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory interface. Related interfaces, such as BeanFactoryAware, InitializingBean, DisposableBean, can provide callbacks which can be configured for the different phases of the Spring Bean’s life cycle.
  • BeanFactory, by default lazy loads the beans, it creates the bean only when the getBean() method is called.

2. ApplicationContext Container:

  • This container adds more enterprise-specific functionalities such as ability to resolve textual messages from a properties file and ability to publish application events to the interested event listeners. This container is defined by org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext interface.
  • ApplicationContext loads all Spring Beans upon start-up unlike BeanFactory.

ApplicationContext container includes all functionality of the BeanFactory container, so it is generally recommended over the BeanFactory. BeanFactory can be used for light weight applications like mobile devices or applet based applications where data volume and speed is significant.

 

Is it mandatory to have the “id” property in Bean/ApplicationContext Xml


Typical Bean Configuration XML file is given below.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd" >

<bean class="com.malliktalksjava.service.EmployeeService">
    <property name="empRepository" ref="employeeDAO"/>
</bean>

<bean id="employeeDAO" class="com.malliktalksjava.dao.EmployeeDao"/>

</beans>

From the above config, EmployeeService Bean is Anonymous because no id is supplied explicitly. Hence, Spring Container generates a unique id for that bean. It uses the fully qualified class name and appends a number to it.

However, if you want to refer that bean by name, through the use of the ref element you must provide a name.

Right way of doing is shown using second Bean, its been declared with employeeDAO id attribute in order to be referenced by the empRepository property of the first Bean.

Spring Core – Hello World Example


Pre Requisite :

Download and install the Spring STS into your machine. This will provide all the default spring configurations whenever you create the project

Application Creation Steps:

Step 1: Spring Maven project in your STS. This gives the project folder structure and one pom.xml file in root folder. Below is the Sample pom Xml.

<project xmlns=”http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0&#8243; xmlns:xsi=”http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance&#8221; xsi:schemaLocation=”http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd”&gt;
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.springframework.samples</groupId>
<artifactId>Spring-Project</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

<properties>

<!– Generic properties –>
<java.version>1.6</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>

<!– Spring –>
<spring-framework.version>3.2.3.RELEASE</spring-framework.version>

<!– Hibernate / JPA –>
<hibernate.version>4.2.1.Final</hibernate.version>

<!– Logging –>
<logback.version>1.0.13</logback.version>
<slf4j.version>1.7.5</slf4j.version>

<!– Test –>
<junit.version>4.11</junit.version>

</properties>

<dependencies>
<!– Spring and Transactions –>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
</dependency>

<!– Logging with SLF4J & LogBack –>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>${logback.version}</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

<!– Hibernate –>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!– Test Artifacts –>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

</dependencies>
</project>

Step 2: Create the bean class HelloWorldBean.java as below

package in.malliktalksjava.spring.examples;

public class HelloWorldBean {

private String message;

public void setMessage(String message){
this.message = message;
}

public void printMessage(){
System.out.println(“You are in Print Message : “+message);
}
}

Step 3: Create Beans Xml file and configure the HellowWorldBean into that file to make use of dependency injection.

<?xml version=”1.0″ encoding=”UTF-8″?>
<beans xmlns=”http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans&#8221;
xmlns:xsi=”http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance&#8221;
xsi:schemaLocation=”http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd”&gt;
<bean id=”helloWorldBean” class=”in.malliktalksjava.spring.examples.HelloWorldBean”>
<property name=”message” value=”Hello World”></property>
</bean>

</beans>

Step 4: Create the Main Application class SpringCoreBeansXmlExample.java and load the beans xml

package in.malliktalksjava.spring.examples;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**
* @author mallikarjungunda
*
*/
public class SpringCoreBeansXmlExample {

/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {

//Load the beans.xml into Application Context
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(“beans.xml”);

//Inject the object whenever required
HelloWorldBean helloWorldBean = (HelloWorldBean)context.getBean(“helloWorldBean”);

helloWorldBean.printMessage();
}
}

Below is the out put that prints whenever you run the class.

You are in Print Message : Hello World

 

Thank you for going through the this example. Refer to Menu bar for other tutorials.

org.springframework.beans.NotReadablePropertyException: Invalid property


NotReadablePropertyException: Invalid property Exception

ERROR: org.springframework.web.servlet.tags.form.RadioButtonTag - Invalid property 'newUser' of bean class [com.malliktalksjava.bean.UserBean]: Bean property 'newUser' is not readable or has an invalid getter method: Does the return type of the getter match the parameter type of the setter?
org.springframework.beans.NotReadablePropertyException: Invalid property 'newUser' of bean class [com.malliktalksjava.bean.UserBean]: Bean property 'newUser' is not readable or has an invalid getter method: Does the return type of the getter match the parameter type of the setter?
at org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl.getPropertyValue(BeanWrapperImpl.java:725)
at org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl.getPropertyValue(BeanWrapperImpl.java:716)
at org.springframework.validation.AbstractPropertyBindingResult.getActualFieldValue(AbstractPropertyBindingResult.java:99)
at org.springframework.validation.AbstractBindingResult.getFieldValue(AbstractBindingResult.java:229)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.support.BindStatus.<init>(BindStatus.java:120)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.tags.form.AbstractDataBoundFormElementTag.getBindStatus(AbstractDataBoundFormElementTag.java:168)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.tags.form.AbstractDataBoundFormElementTag.getPropertyPath(AbstractDataBoundFormElementTag.java:188)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.tags.form.AbstractDataBoundFormElementTag.getName(AbstractDataBoundFormElementTag.java:154)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.tags.form.AbstractDataBoundFormElementTag.autogenerateId(AbstractDataBoundFormElementTag.java:141)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.tags.form.AbstractCheckedElementTag.autogenerateId(AbstractCheckedElementTag.java:81)

Solution:

  • Ensure all the properties configured in the form are available in the FormBean object.
  • In the above case, radio button property have not been configured in the UserBean class.

Features of Spring Web MVC


Spring’s web module includes many unique web support features:

  • Clear separation of roles. Each role — controller, validator, command object, form object, model object, DispatcherServlet, handler mapping, view resolver, and so on — can be fulfilled by a specialized object.
  • Powerful and straightforward configuration of both framework and application classes as JavaBeans. This configuration capability includes easy referencing across contexts, such as from web controllers to business objects and validators.
  • Adaptability, non-intrusiveness, and flexibility. Define any controller method signature you need, possibly using one of the parameter annotations (such as @RequestParam, @RequestHeader, @PathVariable, and more) for a given scenario.
  • Reusable business code, no need for duplication. Use existing business objects as command or form objects instead of mirroring them to extend a particular framework base class.
  • Customizable binding and validation. Type mismatches as application-level validation errors that keep the offending value, localized date and number binding, and so on instead of String-only form objects with manual parsing and conversion to business objects.
  • Customizable handler mapping and view resolution. Handler mapping and view resolution strategies range from simple URL-based configuration, to sophisticated, purpose-built resolution strategies. Spring is more flexible than web MVC frameworks that mandate a particular technique.
  • Flexible model transfer. Model transfer with a name/value Map supports easy integration with any view technology. Customizable locale, time zone and theme resolution, support for JSPs with or without Spring tag library, support for JSTL, support for Velocity without the need for extra bridges, and so on.
  • A simple yet powerful JSP tag library known as the Spring tag library that provides support for features such as data binding and themes. The custom tags allow for maximum flexibility in terms of markup code. For information on the tag library descriptor, see the appendix entitled Chapter 36, spring.tld
  • A JSP form tag library, introduced in Spring 2.0, that makes writing forms in JSP pages much easier.
  • Beans whose lifecycle is scoped to the current HTTP request or HTTP Session. This is not a specific feature of Spring MVC itself, but rather of the WebApplicationContext container(s) that Spring MVC uses. These bean scopes are described in the section called “Request, session, and global session scopes”

Source:

http://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/pdf/spring-framework-reference.pdf

javax.servlet.ServletException: Could not resolve view with name ‘home’ in servlet with name ‘springDispatcher’


ServletException: Could not resolve view with name

javax.servlet.ServletException: Could not resolve view with name 'home' in servlet with name 'springDispatcher'
	org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.render(DispatcherServlet.java:1200)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.processDispatchResult(DispatcherServlet.java:1005)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:952)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:870)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:961)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:852)
	javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:734)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:837)
	javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:847)

Solution

If it is a Tiles framework integrated Application, verify the Tiles Definition is defined in tiles-defs.xml file.

If it is not a tiles application, verify the corresponding View is available in the Application or not.

Context initialization failed: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name ’tilesConfigurer’ defined in ServletContext resource


Below is the exception that I have received when I am integrating the tiles 3.0 framework with Spring 4.0 web mvc application. Using the solution below I have rectified the issue my self. Hope this is useful to all.

21:02:06,311 ERROR [org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet] (ServerService Thread Pool -- 74) Context initialization failed: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'tilesConfigurer' defined in ServletContext resource [/config/spring-context.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: org.apache.tiles.access.TilesAccess.setContainer(Lorg/apache/tiles/request/ApplicationContext;Lorg/apache/tiles/TilesContainer;Ljava/lang/String;)V
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1553) [spring-beans-4.0.3.RELEASE.jar:4.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:539) [spring-beans-4.0.3.RELEASE.jar:4.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:475) [spring-beans-4.0.3.RELEASE.jar:4.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:304) [spring-beans-4.0.3.RELEASE.jar:4.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:228) [spring-beans-4.0.3.RELEASE.jar:4.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:300) [spring-beans-4.0.3.RELEASE.jar:4.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:195) [spring-beans-4.0.3.RELEASE.jar:4.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:703) [spring-beans-4.0.3.RELEASE.jar:4.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:760) [spring-context-4.0.3.RELEASE.jar:4.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:482) [spring-context-4.0.3.RELEASE.jar:4.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:658) [spring-webmvc-4.0.3.RELEASE.jar:4.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:624) [spring-webmvc-4.0.3.RELEASE.jar:4.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:672) [spring-webmvc-4.0.3.RELEASE.jar:4.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:543) [spring-webmvc-4.0.3.RELEASE.jar:4.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:484) [spring-webmvc-4.0.3.RELEASE.jar:4.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:136) [spring-webmvc-4.0.3.RELEASE.jar:4.0.3.RELEASE]
at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:242) [jboss-servlet-api_3.0_spec-1.0.2.Final-redhat-1.jar:1.0.2.Final-redhat-1]
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1194) [jbossweb-7.2.2.Final-redhat-1.jar:7.2.2.Final-redhat-1]
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:1100) [jbossweb-7.2.2.Final-redhat-1.jar:7.2.2.Final-redhat-1]
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:3591) [jbossweb-7.2.2.Final-redhat-1.jar:7.2.2.Final-redhat-1]
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:3798) [jbossweb-7.2.2.Final-redhat-1.jar:7.2.2.Final-redhat-1]
at org.jboss.as.web.deployment.WebDeploymentService.doStart(WebDeploymentService.java:156) [jboss-as-web-7.3.0.Final-redhat-14.jar:7.3.0.Final-redhat-14]
at org.jboss.as.web.deployment.WebDeploymentService.access$000(WebDeploymentService.java:60) [jboss-as-web-7.3.0.Final-redhat-14.jar:7.3.0.Final-redhat-14]
at org.jboss.as.web.deployment.WebDeploymentService$1.run(WebDeploymentService.java:93) [jboss-as-web-7.3.0.Final-redhat-14.jar:7.3.0.Final-redhat-14]
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511) [rt.jar:1.8.0]
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266) [rt.jar:1.8.0]
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) [rt.jar:1.8.0]
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617) [rt.jar:1.8.0]
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:744) [rt.jar:1.8.0]
at org.jboss.threads.JBossThread.run(JBossThread.java:122)
Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: org.apache.tiles.access.TilesAccess.setContainer(Lorg/apache/tiles/request/ApplicationContext;Lorg/apache/tiles/TilesContainer;Ljava/lang/String;)V
at org.apache.tiles.startup.AbstractTilesInitializer.initialize(AbstractTilesInitializer.java:65) [tiles-core-3.0.4.jar:3.0.4]
at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles3.TilesConfigurer.afterPropertiesSet(TilesConfigurer.java:270) [spring-webmvc-4.0.3.RELEASE.jar:4.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1612) [spring-beans-4.0.3.RELEASE.jar:4.0.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1549) [spring-beans-4.0.3.RELEASE.jar:4.0.3.RELEASE]
... 29 more

Solution:

step 1: Check the spring tiles configuration: DTD should match with the version of jars added into application

<?xml version=”1.0″ encoding=”UTF-8″ ?>
<!DOCTYPE tiles-definitions PUBLIC
-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Tiles Configuration 3.0//EN”
http://tiles.apache.org/dtds/tiles-config_3_0.dtd”&gt;

<tiles-definitions>
<definition name=”base.definition” template=”/jsp/layout.jsp”>
<put-attribute name=”title” value=”” />
<put-attribute name=”header” value=”/jsp/header.jsp” />
<put-attribute name=”menu” value=”/jsp/menu.jsp” />
<put-attribute name=”body” value=”” />
<put-attribute name=”footer” value=”/jsp/footer.jsp” />
</definition>

<definition name=”contact” extends=”base.definition”>
<put-attribute name=”title”
value=”Sample Spring MVC With Tiles Appliacation” />
<put-attribute name=”body” value=”/jsp/contact.jsp” />
</definition>

</tiles-definitions>

Step 2: Check the spring configuration files: DTD should match to the jars added into application

<?xml version=”1.0″ encoding=”UTF-8″?>
<beans xmlns=”http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans&#8221;
xmlns:xsi=”http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance&#8221; xmlns:mvc=”http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc&#8221;
xmlns:context=”http://www.springframework.org/schema/context&#8221;
xsi:schemaLocation=”
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd“>

<context:component-scan base-package=”in.javatutorials.spring.controller” />
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<bean id=”viewResolver” class=”org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver“>
<property name=”viewClass” value=”org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles3.TilesView“/>
</bean>

<bean id=”tilesConfigurer” class=“org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles3.TilesConfigurer“>
<property name=”definitions”>
<list>
<value>/config/tiles.xml</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>

</beans>

Step 3: Check the jar versions with the above DTD versions:

Spring4 and Tiles 3 Integration Jars

javax.servlet.ServletException: BeanUtils.populate


javax.servlet.ServletException: BeanUtils.populate
org.apache.struts.util.RequestUtils.populate(RequestUtils.java:497)
org.apache.struts.action.RequestProcessor.processPopulate(RequestProcessor.java:798)
org.apache.struts.action.RequestProcessor.process(RequestProcessor.java:205)
org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet.process(ActionServlet.java:1164)
org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet.doPost(ActionServlet.java:415)
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:709)
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:802)

Root Cause:

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: argument type mismatch
sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:585)
org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils.setSimpleProperty(PropertyUtils.java:1789)
org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils.setNestedProperty(PropertyUtils.java:1684)
org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils.setProperty(PropertyUtils.java:1713)
org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils.setProperty(BeanUtils.java:1019)
org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils.populate(BeanUtils.java:808)
org.apache.struts.util.RequestUtils.populate(RequestUtils.java:495)
org.apache.struts.action.RequestProcessor.processPopulate(RequestProcessor.java:798)
org.apache.struts.action.RequestProcessor.process(RequestProcessor.java:205)
org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet.process(ActionServlet.java:1164)
org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet.doPost(ActionServlet.java:415)
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:709)
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:802)

Solution:

Fallowings are may be the reason for the above exception
1) The action attribute of an tag must match exactly the path attribute of the action definition in the struts-config.xml file. This is how Struts associates the ActionForm bean with the action.

2) This error usually occurs when you have specified a form name that does not exist in your tag. For example, you specific and ‘myForm’ is not the name of a form associated with myAction in the struts-config file

3) You get this message when Struts is unable to map the data in the HTML form to the properties in your ActionForm bean. Make sure each of the properties on your bean is either a String or a Boolean. Do you have any properties of type java.util.Date or other objects? That might cause this error. Also check to see that you have public getters and setter for each of your properties.